{"id":1574,"date":"2024-04-09T10:29:52","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T08:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/?p=1574"},"modified":"2026-04-09T12:13:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T10:13:26","slug":"european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/","title":{"rendered":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32"},"content":{"rendered":"
Elena Sandulli<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n

Nel caso Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo e altri 32, la Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo ha chiarito l\u2019ambito della giurisdizione della Convenzione nel contesto degli obblighi degli Stati in materia di diritti umani connessi al cambiamento climatico. Sei ricorrenti residenti in Portogallo hanno convenuto in giudizio il loro Stato di origine e altri 32 Stati contraenti, lamentando l\u2019insufficienza delle misure adottate per contrastare gli effetti negativi del cambiamento climatico sulla vita, sulla salute, sul benessere e sulla qualit\u00e0 della vita, con conseguente violazione dei diritti garantiti dalla CEDU.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Corte ha ritenuto che i ricorrenti rientrassero nella giurisdizione territoriale del Portogallo, ma ha escluso la sussistenza di un fondamento idoneo a estendere la giurisdizione extraterritoriale agli altri 32 Stati. Pur lasciando aperta la possibilit\u00e0 di riconoscere una giurisdizione extraterritoriale in situazioni di danno transfrontaliero pi\u00f9 circoscritto, essa ha respinto i tentativi di individuare un nuovo criterio di giurisdizione fondato sulla natura globale del cambiamento climatico, nonch\u00e9 di ampliare, per via interpretativa, le eccezioni gi\u00e0 esistenti. Un simile approccio, ha sottolineato la Corte, risulterebbe incompatibile con il sistema della Convenzione, fondato sui principi della giurisdizione territoriale e della sussidiariet\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebbene la Corte non affronti esplicitamente il tema dell\u2019economia circolare, la sentenza pu\u00f2 risultare rilevante per il dibattito sui modelli di economia circolare, nonch\u00e9 per lo sviluppo e l\u2019attuazione dei relativi principi giuridici, nella misura in cui chiarisce i limiti territoriali ed extraterritoriali degli obblighi degli Stati in materia di diritti umani nel contesto del cambiamento climatico ai sensi della Convenzione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Visualizza la sentenza<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Duarte Agostinho and Others v. Portugal and 32 Others, the European Court of Human Rights clarified the Convention\u2019s jurisdictional scope in the context of States\u2019 human-rights obligations relating to climate change. Six applicants living in Portugal challenged their home State and 32 other Contracting Parties for alleged failures to address the adverse effects of climate change on life, health, well-being, and quality of life which resulted in a breach of their rights under the ECHR.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":276880106,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"{\"document\":\"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\",\"updateId\":552300898}","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[688637410,688637399],"tags":[688637597],"class_list":["post-1574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-giurisprudenza-internazionale","category-osservatorio","tag-688637597"],"yoast_head":"\nCorte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Duarte Agostinho and Others v. Portugal and 32 Others, the European Court of Human Rights clarified the Convention\u2019s jurisdictional scope in the context of States\u2019 human-rights obligations relating to climate change. Six applicants living in Portugal challenged their home State and 32 other Contracting Parties for alleged failures to address the adverse effects of climate change on life, health, well-being, and quality of life which resulted in a breach of their rights under the ECHR.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Diritto dell'economia circolare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elena Sandulli\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elena Sandulli\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elena Sandulli\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b26de3dd9704f68da41cf0b631ff9bd9\"},\"headline\":\"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\\\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":275,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"2024\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Giurisprudenza internazionale\",\"Osservatorio\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/\",\"name\":\"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\\\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/09\\\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\\\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Diritto dell'economia circolare\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Diritto dell'economia circolare\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/cropped-MONO_DipartimentoEconomiaCircolare_COLOR.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/cropped-MONO_DipartimentoEconomiaCircolare_COLOR.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Diritto dell'economia circolare\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b26de3dd9704f68da41cf0b631ff9bd9\",\"name\":\"Elena Sandulli\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elena Sandulli\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/elenasandulli\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare","og_description":"In Duarte Agostinho and Others v. Portugal and 32 Others, the European Court of Human Rights clarified the Convention\u2019s jurisdictional scope in the context of States\u2019 human-rights obligations relating to climate change. Six applicants living in Portugal challenged their home State and 32 other Contracting Parties for alleged failures to address the adverse effects of climate change on life, health, well-being, and quality of life which resulted in a breach of their rights under the ECHR.","og_url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/","og_site_name":"Diritto dell'economia circolare","article_published_time":"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00","author":"Elena Sandulli","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elena Sandulli","Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/"},"author":{"name":"Elena Sandulli","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b26de3dd9704f68da41cf0b631ff9bd9"},"headline":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32","datePublished":"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/"},"wordCount":275,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#organization"},"keywords":["2024"],"articleSection":["Giurisprudenza internazionale","Osservatorio"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/","url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/","name":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32 - Diritto dell'economia circolare","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-04-09T08:29:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-09T10:13:26+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-39371-20-duarte-agostinho-and-others-v-portugal-and-32-others\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 39371\/20, Duarte Agostinho et al. c. Portogallo ed altri 32"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/","name":"Diritto dell'economia circolare","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#organization","name":"Diritto dell'economia circolare","url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cropped-MONO_DipartimentoEconomiaCircolare_COLOR.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cropped-MONO_DipartimentoEconomiaCircolare_COLOR.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Diritto dell'economia circolare"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b26de3dd9704f68da41cf0b631ff9bd9","name":"Elena Sandulli","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/67f4ddd32704ba1808c3977c97caa11512839da6abb2d969e5e9073c30b46ca3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Elena Sandulli"},"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/author\/elenasandulli\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/ph4HEK-po","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1566,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-53600-20-verein-klimaseniorinnen-schweiz-and-others-v-switzerland\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":0},"title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 53600\/20, Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz et al. c. Svizzera","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"9 April, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland, the European Court of Human Rights clarified the human-rights obligations of States in relation to climate change under the European Convention of Human Rights. The case was brought by the association Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz, composed of women aged over 70 living in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1549,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2025\/10\/28\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-28-october-2025-second-section-application-no-34068-21-greenpeace-nordic-and-others-v-norway\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":1},"title":"Corte\u00a0europea\u00a0dei\u00a0diritti\u00a0dell\u2019uomo\u00a0(CEDU), 28 ottobre 2025, seconda sezione, n. 34068\/21, Greenpeace Nordic et al. c. Norvegia","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"28 October, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In Greenpeace Nordic and Others v. Norway, the European Court of Human Rights addressed the procedural dimension of States\u2019 obligations to effectively protect individuals from the serious adverse effects of climate change on their life, health, well-being, and quality of life, in the context of petroleum exploration. The application was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1554,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2021\/10\/14\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-14-october-2021-first-section-application-nos-75031-13-and-3-others-kapa-and-others-v-poland\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":2},"title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 14 ottobre 2021, prima sezione, nn. 75031\/13 et al., Kapa et al. c. Polonia","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"14 October, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"In Kapa and Others v. Poland, the European Court of Human Rights addressed the issue of noise pollution in the small city of Stryk\u00f3w resulting from the implementation of road development policies. The case was brought by several residents who complained that the authorities\u2019 failed to protect the peaceful enjoyment\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1562,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2022\/10\/11\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-11-october-2022-third-section-application-no-31612-09-pavlov-and-others-v-russia\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":3},"title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 11 ottobre 2022, terza sezione, n. 31612\/09, Pavlov et al. c. Russia\u00a0","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"11 October, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"In Pavlov and Others v. Russia, the European Court of Human Rights addressed the issue of air pollution in the city of Lipetsk. The case was brought by several residents who complained that the authorities\u2019 failure to take adequate measures to reduce pollution and nuisances from steelworks and other industrial\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1541,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2025\/01\/30\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-30-january-2025-first-section-application-nos-51567-14-and-3-others-cannavacciuolo-and-others-v-italy\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":4},"title":"Corte\u00a0europea\u00a0dei\u00a0diritti\u00a0dell\u2019uomo\u00a0(CEDU),\u00a030\u00a0gennaio\u00a02025,\u00a0prima\u00a0sezione,\u00a0nn. 51567\/14 et al, Cannavacciuolo et al. c. Italia\u00a0","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"30 January, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In Cannavacciuolo and Others v. Italy, the European Court of Human Rights addressed the long-standing environmental and public-health crisis in the so-called \u201cTerra dei Fuochi\u201d region in Campania. The case was brought by five associations and 41 individuals living in the provinces of Naples and Caserta who alleged that the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1545,"url":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/2024\/04\/09\/european-court-of-human-rights-ecthr-9-april-2024-grand-chamber-application-no-7189-21-careme-v-france\/","url_meta":{"origin":1574,"position":5},"title":"Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019uomo (CEDU), 9 aprile 2024, Grande Camera, n. 7189\/21, Car\u00eame c. Francia","author":"Elena Sandulli","date":"9 April, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In Car\u00eame v. France, the European Court of Human Rights examined a complaint concerning the alleged insufficiency of France\u2019s action to address climate change. The applicant, former mayor of Grande-Synthe, argued that the State had failed to take adequate mitigation and adaptation measures, resulting in a breach of its rights\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Giurisprudenza internazionale"","block_context":{"text":"Giurisprudenza internazionale","link":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/category\/osservatorio\/giurisprudenza-internazionale\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276880106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1574"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2500,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574\/revisions\/2500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirittoeconomiacircolare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}